A solar pump uses solar energy which is then converted into electrical energy to pump water. Mars solar power nasatm20042367 november 2004 national aeronautics and space administration glenn research center prepared for the second international energy conversion engineering conference sponsored by the american institute of aeronautics and astronautics providence, rhode island, august 1619, 2004 aiaa20045555. This process requires firstly, a material in which the absorption of light raises an electron to a higher energy state. Corripio, 2002 transmittance of the atmosphere fraction of direct solar radiation included between the. Total solar irradiance tsi is a measure of the solar power over all wavelengths per unit area incident on. Most plants and the human eye function best in greenlightsincetheyhave adapted to the nature of the sunlight reaching them. Much of the information given in this manual can also be found in the help. Introduction to renewable energy project finance structures. In chapter 21, which is the last chapter of the regular text, we discuss solar fuels, which allow to store solar energy on the long term in the form of chemical energy. The energy flow within the sun results in a surface temperature of around 5800 k, so the spectrum of the radiation from the sun is similar to that of a 5800 k blackbody with fine structure due to absorption in the cool peripheral solar gas fraunhofer lines. The wavelengths are shorter than that of visible light, but longer than xrays.
Solar radiation can be converted either into thermal energy heat or into. It is the earths primary natural source of energy and by a long way. Solar resource atlas world bank documents world bank group. Introduction to radiation canadian nuclear safety commission. Renewable energy technologies turn these fuels into usable forms of energy most often electricity, but also heat, chemicals, or mechanical power. Would the solar radiation from one sunburn give you skin cancer. Alternative methods of solar energy are discussed in part v. The dark cooking pot absorbs the radiant energy and converts it into heat. Solar powered pumps are environment friendly because the system functions on power that is generated form a solar photovoltaic system. An assessment of solar energy conversion technologies and. All waves have a certain distance between peaks called the wavelength figure 11.
Solar collectors transform solar radiation into heat and transfer that heat to a medium water, solar fluid, or air. Nonionizing radiation has less energy than ionizing radiation. This type of solar radiation is approximately equivalent to that of a black body. Solar electromagnetic radiation usually is described in terms of the solar constant and solar spectral irradiance. The center of the sun is very hot about 15 million degrees celsius and the pressure is immense about100 billion times the air pressure here on earth. This format is technically also csv but is known as epw format file extension. The rapidly changing world of solar energy i implemented my first solar energy system in 1997. The electromagnetic spectrum explains the different types of light waves that are. Youre likely most familiar with pv, which is utilized in panels. Solar energetic particles are released by the sun in solar particle events.
Before the industrial revolution, the main source of energy was wood and biomass, which is a secondary form of solar energy. Solar energy solar energy comes directly from the power of the sun and is used to produce electricity, to produce heat, and for light. Absorption and transmission of short wave radiation solar radiation transmitted to the ground under clear sky conditions correction due to s elevation of the site finally. I hope we dont have to wait til oil and coal run out before we. Abody that emits some radiation in the visible range is called a light source. Most of the solar panel options currently available fit in one of three types. There are two forms of radiation nonionizing and ionizing which will be discussed in sections 3. Introduction to renewable energy project finance structures subject a presentation explaining the most common financing structures used by project developers and their investors. That is, there are three forms of energy that are emitted. When photons of light fall on the cell, they transfer.
Solar energy technology basics department of energy. Light shining on the solar cell produces both a current and a voltage to generate electric power. Radiation is energy in the form of waves of particles. A solar cell is an electronic device which directly converts sunlight into electricity. Cost analysis of solar photovoltaics 1 renewable energy technologies and the associated cost components of solar photovoltaics pv, by country and r. There are two main types of solar energy technologies. In chapter 20 we introduce different concepts related to solar thermal energy. Inverter and pv system technology conduct technical solutions. Back then, the largest panels i could buy were 100wp panels. Exploring the uses of light, thermal, mechanical, sound.
Solar photovoltaic pv systems an overview figure 1. Barthcode 562 sunspot cycle with solar proton events. This study looks at the potential of smallscale solar energy. Energy from the sun reaches the earth as radiant energy. Reflection, transmission, and absorption teacher information learning outcome after using a solar panel as a radiation meter to distinguish how well various materials reflect or transmit solar radiation, students are able to predict reflection and transmission properties for. Ppt solar radiation powerpoint presentation free to. Longterm, solar energy is the most practical and economical way of. Introduction everyday sun sends out tremendous amount of energy in the form of heat and radiations called solar energy. Then solar heat can be used for heating water, to heating or cooling systems, or for heating swimming pools. An overview of solar cell technology stanford university. Radiation from the sun sustains life on earth and determines climate.
Types of radiation radiation effects on humans this type of radiation is emitted as immense clouds of high energy charged particles thought to originate from supernovas. The main desired outcome of this manual is to facilitate the trainers. Despite the considerable distance between the sun and the earth, the amount of solar energy reaching the earth is substantial. Several empirical models have been fitted in literature for estimating global solar radiation across the globe in order to produce global solar radiation data and also as a baseline for further. Solar energy, fossils, power, pollution, renewable 1. Solar irradiation energy is equal to the average solar irradiance.
Exploring the uses of light, thermal, mechanical, sound, and electrical energy. The calculation of solar radiation andor pv performance in pvgis. The major benefit of solar energy over other conventional power generators is that the. Basics of solar radiation solar radiation is the radiant energy emitted by the sun in the form of electromagnetic waves. Pvgis users manual eu science hub european commission. Solar energy basics thermal and pv kidwind project solar energy a bright idea. Renewable energy uses energy sources that are continually replenished by naturethe sun, the wind, water, the earths heat, and plants. A solar oven focuses the suns energy onto a dark cooking pot. Gcep solar energy technology assessment summer 2006. These solar panels vary in how theyre made, appearance, performance, costs, and the installations each are best suited for. It cannot be controlled by any one nation or industry. An introduction to solar radiation is an introductory text on solar radiation, with emphasis on the methods of calculation for determining the amount of solar radiation.
The peak of its radiation is in the green portion of the visible spectrum. The use of solar energy for water heating, taking a bath, shower, and drying crops has had a tradition for a long time. An overview of solar cell technology mike mcgehee materials science and engineering global climate and energy projectglobal climate and energy project center for advanced molecular photovoltaics precourt institute stanford university konarka nanosolar. Research shows that there are three types of solar panel mountings. Solar water pump equipments in sharjah a solar pump is a pump that is powered with the heat and radiation of the sun. Solar home systems for rural electrification in developing. The fixed solar panel mounting system is completely stationary. Solar cooling technologies demand high temperatures and not all the type of solar collectors are capable of producing them. Solar radiation hand book 2008 india environment portal. This is the simplest and cheapest type of solar panel.
Solar s contribution to heating and lighting is much larger. Ninetynine percent of the solar energy is in the range 0. The article also contains data related to the worlds energy and particularly that part which related to the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. The energy emitted by the sun is called solar energy or solar radiation. Sunlight, or solar energy, can be used directly for heating and lighting homes and other buildings, for. Furthermore, this type of indoor lighting causes indoor pollution and chronic lung problems. The many types of renewable energy resourcessuch as wind and solar energy are constantly replenished and will never run out that is one benefit. It does not pollute or otherwise damage the environment. There are several measured types of solar irradiance. Acknowledgments the mosaic program was made possible through a grant from the sid w.
If wecan improve the technology to harness the suns enormous power,wemaynever face energy shortages again. Sppgs handbook, how to apply for electricity connection. European commission photovoltaic solar energy development and current research. Solar energy is free and its supplies are unlimited. The oven is made of a light, shiny material that reflects the rays. Utilities, too, are building large solar power plants to provide cleaner energy to all customers connected to the grid. There are two main types of solar energy technologiesphotovoltaic pv and concentrating solar power csp. Solar radiation is all of the light and energy that comes from the sun, and there are many different forms. For this reason it is useful to characterize light radiation by parameters associated with waves.
Unfortunately, though solar energy itself is free, the high cost of its collection, conversion, and storage still limits its exploitation in many places. Solar energy is a limitless source of energy which is available at no cost 1 2. University of debrecen, debrecen, hungary windmills were widely used for grinding corn in the last century in hungary. Orion americas nextgeneration spacecraft this type of. Ultraviolet uv radiation is the type that gives people sunburns if they stay out in the sun without protection. The path length of the solar radiation from the top of the atmosphere to a given place on the earths surface, in turn, will be a function of the geographic altitude of the place and of the solar zenith angle, i. Handbook for solar photovoltaic energy market authority. The solar constant is the amount of total radiant energy received from 1. It is essential to drive directly or indirectly all. The potential for solar energy is enormous, since about 200,000 times the worlds total daily electricgenerating capacity is received by earth every day in the form of solar energy. There are two main types of solar power systems, namely, solar.
Solar home systems for rural electrification in developing countries an industry analysis and social venture plan. Recent facts about photovoltaics in germany fraunhofer ise. The electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun is known as solar radiation, and nearly all of it falls into the wavelength band 0. Diffuse horizontal irradiation, if integrated solar energy is assumed. Solar energy, with a focus on photovoltaics, which is the technology that allows to. Solar radiation, electromagnetic radiation, including xrays, ultraviolet and infrared radiation, and radio emissions, as well as visible light, emanating from the sun.
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